The Stork is one of the symbols of hsiao 'filial piety' which Confucius defined as "carrying on the aims of our forefathers" and is thus given to father and son in the Relations of Mankind. The wide-spread legend of nursery days that storks bring babies is thought to have been derived from this association- "Doing as our fathers have done."
The Pine Tree alone is a puissant and highly reverenced symbol of 'longevity.' Frequently the god of longevity is depicted at the foot of a pine tree, with the Crane perching on a branch above. The god of long life is generally portrayed as an old man with long beard, his robes embroidered with the character sheu (long life). He is frequently given the peach of immortality and the Sacred Fungus and is associated with the stag and other symbols of 'longevity.'
The Cicada appears as an emblem of resurrection. The Praying Mantis represents courage, persistence. Butterflies are a favourite subject and typify love and felicity.
The Bamboo, which yields but never breaks, is a greatly loved symbol of constancy and 'longevity.' The Bamboo and Sparrow symbolise friendship. The Bamboo and Crane signify long life and happiness.
The Tortoise and Peach symbolise 'longevity' and immortality.
The Lotus flower, Stork and Phrenix tYPIfy numerous and happy descendants.
